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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245670
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Leistungsbewertung von deutschen Krankenhäusern
Stärken, Schwächen und Vergleichbarkeit der bekannten MethodenPerformance Assessment of German HospitalsStrengths, Weaknesses and Comparability of Common MethodsPublication History
Publication Date:
30 September 2010 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag untersucht die Stärken und Schwächen der wichtigsten Ansätze für die Leistungsbewertung von deutschen Krankenhäusern: parametrische Kostenfunktionen, Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) sowie Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Die Analyse legt nahe, dass sich die Eignung der verschiedenen Ansätze zur Leistungsbewertung je nach Fragestellung und Datengrundlage unterscheidet. Parametrische Durchschnittskostenansätze und SFA eignen sich insbesondere für Fragestellungen, bei denen aggregierte Outputindikatoren, wie zum Beispiel Case-Mix-adjustierte Gesamtkosten, verwendet werden oder indikationsspezifisch Krankenhauskosten und Effizienz verglichen werden. Die nichtparametrische DEA ist hingegen in der Lage, die große Vielfalt von Output und Inputkategorien in Krankenhäusern zu berücksichtigen. Sie weist allerdings Schwächen bei der Berücksichtigung von statistischen Ausreißern und stochastischen Schwankungen auf. Insgesamt ist die DEA daher insbesondere für Vergleiche von sehr ähnlichen Krankenhäusern auf Grundlage einer qualitativ hochwertigen Datenbasis geeignet. Der Beitrag verdeutlicht, dass durchschnittliche und individuelle Leistungsbewertungen von Krankenhäusern je nach Methode und Modellannahmen differieren können. Abschließend wird skizziert, wie Leistungsbewertungen trotzdem für die Formulierung von Handlungsempfehlungen genutzt werden können und welche methodischen Innovationen für die unterschiedlichen Ansätze zur Leistungsbewertung von Krankenhäusern derzeit diskutiert werden.
Abstract
We analyze the most important approaches for comparing the performance of hospitals: hospital cost functions, stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), and data envelopment analysis (DEA). Our analysis suggests that the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches differ by type of research or policy question and by the kind of data at hand. Parametric approaches including SFA are particularly useful when the research questions can be analyzed via aggregate output indicators. In addition these approaches are particularly good at analyzing hospital costs and performance in an episode specific manner. The non-parametric DEA in contrast facilitates to consider the great variety of inputs and outputs in a disaggregated form. However, for DEA results to be meaningfully interpretable, the hospitals under consideration need to be similar with regard to input and output categories as well as with regard to their production process. Furthermore, the DEA can only to a limited extent take account of the influence of exogenous environmental factors, modelling and data errors, and statistical outliers. It is therefore particularly useful when similar hospitals ought to be compared based on a high-quality data-set. Moreover, the paper illustrates that average and individual performance scores for hospital differ by type of approach selected, modeling and specification choices. We conclude the paper by outlining an approach that enables researchers and policy makers to deduct policy recommendations in the face of this uncertainty and by presenting recent methodological innovations for the outlined approaches.
Schlüsselwörter
Leistungsbewertung - Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) - Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) - Krankenhauskostenfunktionen
Key words
performance assessment - data envelopment analysis - stochastic frontier analysis - hospital cost functions
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David Scheller-Kreinsen, MPP
Fachgebiet Management im Gesundheitswesen, Technische Universität Berlin
Straße des 17. Juni 135 (H80)
10623 Berlin
Email: David.Scheller-Kreinsen@tu-berlin.de